China

Deflation prevails in China’s economy. Marginal interest rate cuts will be insufficient to boost growth as the economy is experiencing debt deflation and might be entering a liquidity trap. There will likely be more economic disappointments in the coming months. Chinese stocks will continue to sell off. Government bond yields will fall to new lows, and the RMB will depreciate further against the US dollar.

Commentators often use notions like debt deflation, balance sheet recession, and liquidity trap interchangeably. Yet, these are different concepts. This report develops a framework and provides a diagnosis of China’s economic malaise. A follow-up report will deal with what kind of treatment is needed for a recovery. As a trade, we recommend shorting the EM equity index.

We continue to expect China to deploy stronger fiscal and monetary stimulus to avoid prolonged deflation brought about by a liquidity trap and sub-zero growth. All the same, a lower-growth risk has been added to our ensemble forecast. We expect Brent to trade at $94/bbl in 2H23, and $120/bbl next year. WTI will trade $4 – $6/bbl lower.